In this Capstone Project, the different routes of administration of melatonin, oral, sublingual, nasal, transdermal, intravenous were explored and compared in terms of effectiveness and bioavailability. The paper concludes that the oral route of administration has a decreased bioavailability of melatonin due to the first-pass metabolism. Furthermore, it was discussed whether melatonin formulations with combined ingredients is a better form of health supplement than that with melatonin as a sole ingredient. Popular ingredients (CBD, ashwagandha, valerian, magnesium and tryptophan) that are added to melatonin supplements in terms of benefits, side effects and interactions were analyzed.
